Drilon served the government and public corporations through the following positions:
Department of Justice
Secretary, (1990-1991; 1992-1995)
Chairman, Board of Pardons and Parole
Vice-Chairman, Judicial and Bar Council (JBC)
Member, National Unification Commission
Chairman, Presidential Committee on Human Rights (PCHR)
Executive Secretary (1991-1992)
Chairman, Cabinet Cluster on Political & Security Matters (Cluster "E")
Member, National Security Council (NSC)
Vice-Chairman, Committee on Privatization (COP)
Member, Joint Legislative-Executive Foreign Debt Council
Department of Labor and Employment
Secretary, (1987-1990)
Deputy Minister for Industrial Relations, Department of Labor and Employment (1986-1987)
Member, Presidential Agrarian Reform Council (PARC)
Commissioner, Social Security Commission
Chairman, National Labor Relations Commission
Chairman, Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
Chairman, Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
Chairman, Employee Compensation Commission
Trustee, Home Development Mutual Fund (Pag-IBIG Fund)
Board Member, National Housing Authority
Chairman, National Manpower and Youth Council
Chairman, National Wages Council
Chairman, National Maritime Polytechnic
Vice-Chairman, Public Sector Labor-Management Council
Co-Chairman, National Productivity Commission
Board Member, Maritime Training Council
Chairman, Philippine National Bank (PNB)
Director, Philippine Air Lines (PAL)
Director, Land Bank of the Philippines
Board Member, Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
Board Member, Population Commission
Cabinet Officer for Regional Development (CORD) of Region VI
As Labor Secretary, He was able to establish industrial peace in the post-Marcos era, a requisite for increased investments and employment. He was fair yet firm in dealing with the conflicting demands of management and labor. As Justice Secretary, he was instrumental in the prosecution and conviction of Mayor Antonio Sanchez of Calauan, Laguna, who masterminded the rape-slaying of a UP Los BaƱos coed and the murder of her friend; Claudio Teehankee Jr., who figured in the gun slaying of Maureen Hultman; and Rolito Go, the trigger-happy assailant of a La Salle student. The three are locked up in jail, a testimony to the uncompromising belief of Drilon that everyone is equal before the bar of justice.